CYBERSECURITY BY TYRESE LECKIE

 CYBERSECURITY

Done By: Tyrese Leckie

Date Created: October 11, 2025

Teacher: Mr. Howell

Sub-Topic: Threats that people face and how it can be prevented

What is cybersecurity? 

Cybersecurity refers to the practices, technologies and policies used to protect computer systems, networks and data from unauthorized access, attacks, damage or theft. it ensures privacy, confidentiality, integrity and availability of digital information. In essence, it aims to defend computers and online platforms form attacks that can cause financial loss, data breaches, identity theft or disruption of services.

Advantages of cybersecurity

1: Cybersecurity protects sensitive information. 

    Prevents personal, financial and business data from being stolen or misused. 

2: Prevent financial loss.

    Reduces the risk of fraud, hacking and costly cyber-attacks

3: Maintains trust and reputation.

    Organizations that protect data gain the trust of customers and users.

Disadvantages of cybersecurity 

1: High Cost.

    Strong security systems, software and trained personnel can be expensive.

2: Complexity and Maintenance.

    Security systems require constant updating and monitoring to stay effective.

3: User Restrictions.

    Strict security rules (such as passwords and limited access) can reduce convenience and slow workflow.

Common Cyber Threats faced by users

1: Phishing

    Fake emails or messages trick users into giving password or bank details.

Example: Spear Phishing (a targeted phishing attack toward a specific person)

2: Malware (viruses/Worms)

    Malicious software that damages systems or steals data.

Example: Trojan Horse (Malicious software disguised as a normal program)

3: Ransomware

    Attacks lock your files and demand money to release them.

Example: WannaCry (This is a famous ransomware attack that locks file and demands payment)

4: Identity Theft

    Hackers steal personal information to impersonate victims.

Example: Credential Identity (Stealing usernames and passwords to impersonate someone)

5: Denial of service attacks

    Overloads a website or system, causing it to crash or become unavailable.

Example: Botnet Attack (Using a network of infected devices to overload a system)

Ways to prevent Cyber Threats

• Use strong passwords and change them regularly
• Install antivirus and update software frequently
• Do not click suspicious links or emails (avoid Phishing)
• Enable Firewalls and two-factor authentication
• Educate users on safe online practices

In conclusion, cybersecurity plays a critical role in protecting individuals, businesses, and governments in today’s digital world. As technology continues to advance, so do the threats such as phishing, malware, ransomware, identity theft, and denial of service attacks. Although cybersecurity has its challenges and costs, the advantages greatly outweigh the disadvantages, as it safeguards valuable data, maintains trust, and prevents financial loss. By practicing proper safety measures such as using strong passwords, updating software, and educating users many cyber threats can be prevented. Ultimately, cybersecurity is not only a technical requirement but a necessary responsibility in ensuring a safe and secure online environment for all.